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According to the 2. U. S. It is also one of the most important commercial, financial, and transportation centers of the southeastern United States. Located in the northern portion of the state, Atlanta enjoys a high mean elevation—1,0. Atlanta was founded in 1. Savannah, the state's oldest city. History. The three dominant forces affecting Atlanta's history and development have been transportation, race relations, and the .
Transportation innovations and their connections to Atlanta helped establish the city as a state and regional center of commerce and finance. Issues of race and race relations, dating back to the years before the Civil War (1. Both of these actions sparked increased settlement and development in the upper Piedmont section of the state and led to Atlanta's founding. Indian removal and the discovery of gold encouraged new settlement in the region, but it was the railroad that actually brought Atlanta into being and eventually connected it with the rest of the state and region.
Atlanta Rising: The Falcons and their fan base embark on a new era. Tevin Coleman, Devonta Freeman exemplify what Falcons are all about.
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Researchers are estimating that 13.1 million people could be. For visitors and recent arrivals, Atlanta Rising, will serve as the essential primer on the ins and outs of the South's capital city. For natives, the book offers up.
In 1. 83. 7 engineers for the Western and Atlantic Railroad (a state- sponsored project) staked out a point on a ridge about seven miles east of the Chattahoochee River as the southern end of a rail line they planned to build south from Chattanooga, Tennessee. The town that emerged around this zero milepost was called Terminus, which literally means . By 1. 84. 6, however, two other railroad lines had converged with the Western and Atlantic in the center of town, connecting it to far- flung areas of the Southeast and spurring the city's growth.
In 1. 84. 3 the name of the town was changed to Marthasville, in honor of the daughter of former governor. Wilson Lumpkin, who had played a key role in bringing the railroad to the area. Two years later the city adopted a new name—Atlanta. Supposedly a feminine version of the word Atlantic, the name was first used by John Edgar Thomson, chief engineer of the Georgia Railroad, to designate his railroad's local depot.
Governor Lumpkin, on the other hand, is said to have maintained that the city's new name was yet another tribute to his daughter, whose middle name was Atalanta, although this story appears to be apocryphal. Civil War. By 1. 86. Atlanta was home to 9,5. Enslaved African Americans and free persons of color were part of this population, although in smaller numbers than in the older, larger port cities of the South. The activities and freedoms of both groups of African Americans, however, were strictly controlled by laws and customs.
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Gatherings of slaves and free blacks, for example, required a special sanction by the mayor, both groups had to observe strict curfews, and free persons of color could not live within the city limits without written permission of the city council. Antebellum Atlanta was a city led by merchants and railroad men, not planters, and as sectional differences mounted, businessmen and voters in the city tended to oppose secession, often on economic grounds. In the presidential election of 1. Union candidates Stephen A. Douglas and John Bell. But when Georgia seceded in January 1. Atlanta joined with the Confederacy and rapidly became a strategically important city for the Southern cause.
Railroad engineer Lemuel Grant, the chief engineer of the Confederate Department of Georgia, was responsible for fortifying the city. The remaining Unionists in Atlanta, whose numbers have been estimated at about 1. For example, the Committee on Public Safety, organized in 1. Vigilance Committee, formed the following year, focused much of their attention and energies on ferreting out suspected spies and exposing abolitionists and Union sympathizers. As a result many Unionists left the city, and most of those who remained either went underground or kept a very low profile.
During the Civil War Atlanta became a home front, a major producer of war materials, and an important regional transportation and distribution center. Many existing industries in the city were soon converted to wartime production, and newly established factories provided much- needed Confederate munitions and supplies. Included among these new industries were the Atlanta Sword Manufactory and the Spiller and Burr pistol factory. The biggest ordnance producer in the city, however, was the Confederate government arsenal, which produced percussion caps for muskets and pistols, small arms ammunition, saddles, bridles, cartridge boxes, canteens, and other military items and employed more than 5,0. A second large war- related industry and producer was the Quartermaster Depot, which operated a shoe factory, a tannery, and a clothing depot that employed more than 3,0.
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These industries and the employment opportunities associated with them swelled Atlanta's population from 9,0. The same qualities that made Atlanta a strategically important town for the Confederacy also made it a tempting target for Union armies, and in the summer of 1. General William T.
Sherman and his troops moved closer on their Atlanta campaign. From July 2. 0 to August 2. Atlanta was subjected to a withering aerial bombardment. In the process a number of civilians were killed, and property and buildings in the city were badly damaged. On September 2, 1. Sherman's troops captured the city, and the remaining residents (about 3,5.
Perhaps the greatest indication of Atlanta's rising international status, however, was the awarding of the 1996 centennial summer Olympic Games to the city. Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U.S. Atlanta is the cultural. Work is moving along on the latest hotel addition to downtown Atlanta — a SpringHill Suites situated across the street from the Georgia Aquarium.
Before Sherman's army departed on its famous March to the Sea, however, fire and Union soldiers demolished the city's railroad depots, the roundhouse, the machine shops, and all other railroad support buildings. Public buildings, selected commercial enterprises, industries (including the Winship Foundry and the Atlanta Gas Light Company, which were operated by Union sympathizers), military installations, and blacksmith shops were also targeted. Sherman's instructions called for engineers to level the buildings before they were torched, but eager and careless soldiers set fire to many structures before the engineers arrived.
As a result many Atlanta homes and businesses not marked for destruction were also consumed in the fires that swept the city on November 1. Sherman's capture of Atlanta in 1.
It secured Abraham Lincoln's U. S. It also ultimately doomed the Confederacy and its fading hopes for victory and independence. Finally, it left Atlanta burned, barren, and bankrupt. A New South City. The scene that greeted those Atlanta residents who returned to the city in 1.
Much of the city lay in burned ruins, the railroad lines—the lifeblood of Atlanta—were destroyed, and there was only $1. Confederate currency in the city treasury. Despite these austere conditions, Atlanta emerged from the ashes to rebuild quickly—bigger, noisier, and with even greater ambitions and goals than before. The same force that had contributed so greatly to Atlanta's founding and early growth—the railroads—once again spurred the city's development after the war. By fall 1. 86. 5 all five of the city's rail lines were again operational, and by the turn of the century, fifteen lines passed through the city, with more than 1. Atlanta every day. The impact of the railroads was felt all over the city.
Railroads lay at the heart of the local economy, swelled the city's numbers, connected Atlanta to distant markets, shaped its physical layout, and supported Atlanta's grandiose claims to being the . Industrial development also increased, and although the city never became an industrial center like Birmingham, Alabama, about a third of its economic base in the 1. Atlanta's increasing size and regional importance was also underscored by the city's selection in 1. Georgia's new state capital, replacing Milledgeville.
As Atlanta's economy grew and diversified, so too did its population. Between 1. 86. 5 and 1. Atlanta was now the largest city in the state and the third largest in the Southeast.
Adding to this growing population were large numbers of African Americans, drawn to the city by opportunities for education and employment. In 1. Watch Marriage full movie with english subtitles in 2160. 86. Watch online Hazte Un Selfi with subtitles in 4320p there. 0 African Americans in the city numbered less than 2,0.
Atlantans—approximately 4. Many of these new African American residents clustered in segregated neighborhoods or communities adjacent to emerging black institutions of higher education—in east Atlanta in the Old Fourth Ward, where Morris Brown College was originally located; on the south side, where Clark College (later Clark Atlanta University) was first established; and on the west side, where Atlanta University (later Clark Atlanta University) and later Spelman and Morehouse colleges were located.
Elsewhere, black Atlantans were largely confined to low- lying, flood- prone areas and other less desirable sections of the city. Despite these restrictions, the presence of this strong nucleus of black colleges and growing economic opportunities laid the foundation for an emerging and influential black middle class. Among Atlanta's white business and civic leaders, the city's goals were oriented around a new vision for the region called the . In his many editorials and speeches on the subject, Grady emphasized that the region's and Atlanta's best hope for growth and prosperity lay in reconciliation with the North, more industry, less dependence upon cotton and staple crop agriculture, and a more diversified economy. Better education (particularly in industrial technology and engineering) was also an important component of this philosophy, and in 1. Georgia Institute of Technology opened its doors in Atlanta to address this need.
Other white institutions of higher education in Atlanta included Oglethorpe University, which reopened after the Civil War, and Agnes Scott College for women, which opened in Decatur in 1. Atlanta to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Henry Grady and other business and civic leaders of Atlanta during this period looked for opportunities to showcase the potential of the city and the New South, and one of their favorite devices was the grand fair or exposition. In 1. 88. 1 Atlanta hosted the International Cotton Exposition, which drew 3. Piedmont Exposition opened with U.